{
    "generated_at": "2026-09-26T18:01:11+00:00",
    "note": "Salaries are indicative, compiled from published guides. Postings are curated by CapabilityNext staff.",
    "roles": [
        {
            "slug": "ml-engineer",
            "title": "AI / Machine Learning Engineer",
            "summary": "Builds, trains, evaluates and ships models. The broad, portable role most people target first.",
            "salary_map_url": "https://capabilitynext.com/salary-map#ml-engineer",
            "path_note": "Path: ~25 weeks + the 2-week foundations sprint ≈ 6–7 months part-time · total ₹1,06,000 + GST · target entry ₹6–12 LPA.",
            "skills": [
                {
                    "name": "Supervised & unsupervised learning, evaluation",
                    "label": "Supervised & unsupervised learning, evaluation",
                    "importance": "core",
                    "course": "intro-to-ml"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Deep learning with PyTorch",
                    "label": "Deep learning with PyTorch",
                    "importance": "core",
                    "course": "deep-learning-foundations"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Turning a model into a service",
                    "label": "Turning a model into a service",
                    "importance": "core",
                    "course": "mlops-on-the-cloud"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Python, NumPy / pandas, the ML maths",
                    "label": "Python, NumPy / pandas, the ML maths",
                    "importance": "core",
                    "course": "python-maths-for-ml"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Linear algebra & calculus for ML",
                    "label": "Linear algebra & calculus for ML",
                    "importance": "important",
                    "course": "python-maths-for-ml"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Probability & statistics for ML",
                    "label": "Probability & statistics for ML",
                    "importance": "important",
                    "course": "python-maths-for-ml"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Supervised & unsupervised ML, evaluation",
                    "label": "Supervised & unsupervised ML, evaluation",
                    "importance": "important",
                    "course": "intro-to-ml"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Bias, leakage & explainability",
                    "label": "Bias, leakage & explainability",
                    "importance": "important",
                    "course": "intro-to-ml"
                }
            ],
            "path": [
                {
                    "course": "python-maths-for-ml",
                    "either_or": null
                },
                {
                    "course": "intro-to-ml",
                    "either_or": null
                },
                {
                    "course": "deep-learning-foundations",
                    "either_or": null
                },
                {
                    "course": "mlops-on-the-cloud",
                    "either_or": null
                }
            ],
            "bands": [
                {
                    "band": "entry",
                    "low": 6,
                    "median": 9,
                    "high": 12,
                    "unit": "LPA",
                    "currency": "INR",
                    "note": "India, entry (with portfolio)",
                    "min_years": null,
                    "max_years": null,
                    "indicative": true,
                    "sources": []
                },
                {
                    "band": "mid",
                    "low": 15,
                    "median": 22.5,
                    "high": 30,
                    "unit": "LPA",
                    "currency": "INR",
                    "note": "India, 2–5 years",
                    "min_years": null,
                    "max_years": null,
                    "indicative": true,
                    "sources": []
                }
            ],
            "postings": []
        },
        {
            "slug": "cv-nlp-engineer",
            "title": "Computer Vision / NLP Engineer",
            "summary": "A deep-learning specialisation — image models or language models — on top of the ML-engineer base.",
            "salary_map_url": "https://capabilitynext.com/salary-map#cv-nlp-engineer",
            "path_note": "Path: ~26–32 weeks ≈ 6–8 months part-time (Python & Maths first if needed) · total ₹1,24,500 + GST · target entry ₹7–13 LPA.",
            "skills": [
                {
                    "name": "Deep learning, CNNs and transformers",
                    "label": "Deep learning, CNNs and transformers",
                    "importance": "core",
                    "course": "deep-learning-foundations"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Detection / segmentation, or sequence tasks",
                    "label": "Detection / segmentation, or sequence tasks",
                    "importance": "core",
                    "course": "applied-computer-vision"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Data pipelines, augmentation, transfer learning",
                    "label": "Data pipelines, augmentation, transfer learning",
                    "importance": "core",
                    "course": "applied-computer-vision"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Evaluation and deployment of the model",
                    "label": "Evaluation and deployment of the model",
                    "importance": "core",
                    "course": "nlp-with-transformers"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Vision models — detection, segmentation",
                    "label": "Vision models — detection, segmentation",
                    "importance": "important",
                    "course": "applied-computer-vision"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Language models — transformers, NER, seq2seq",
                    "label": "Language models — transformers, NER, seq2seq",
                    "importance": "important",
                    "course": "nlp-with-transformers"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Multimodal & vision-language systems",
                    "label": "Multimodal & vision-language systems",
                    "importance": "nice",
                    "course": "multimodal-systems"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tokenisation & text embeddings",
                    "label": "Tokenisation & text embeddings",
                    "importance": "important",
                    "course": "nlp-with-transformers"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Image–text embeddings & retrieval",
                    "label": "Image–text embeddings & retrieval",
                    "importance": "nice",
                    "course": "multimodal-systems"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Document understanding & OCR pipelines",
                    "label": "Document understanding & OCR pipelines",
                    "importance": "nice",
                    "course": "multimodal-systems"
                }
            ],
            "path": [
                {
                    "course": "intro-to-ml",
                    "either_or": null
                },
                {
                    "course": "deep-learning-foundations",
                    "either_or": null
                },
                {
                    "course": "applied-computer-vision",
                    "either_or": null
                },
                {
                    "course": "nlp-with-transformers",
                    "either_or": null
                },
                {
                    "course": "multimodal-systems",
                    "either_or": null
                }
            ],
            "bands": [
                {
                    "band": "entry",
                    "low": 7,
                    "median": 10,
                    "high": 13,
                    "unit": "LPA",
                    "currency": "INR",
                    "note": "India, entry",
                    "min_years": null,
                    "max_years": null,
                    "indicative": true,
                    "sources": []
                },
                {
                    "band": "mid",
                    "low": 16,
                    "median": 23,
                    "high": 30,
                    "unit": "LPA",
                    "currency": "INR",
                    "note": "India, 2–5 years",
                    "min_years": null,
                    "max_years": null,
                    "indicative": true,
                    "sources": []
                }
            ],
            "postings": []
        },
        {
            "slug": "data-engineer",
            "title": "Data Engineer",
            "summary": "Builds the pipelines and stores that everything else depends on. The lowest-friction entry into the field.",
            "salary_map_url": "https://capabilitynext.com/salary-map#data-engineer",
            "path_note": "Path: ~17 weeks (26 with MLOps) ≈ 4–6 months part-time · total ₹81,000 + GST · target entry ₹5–10 LPA.",
            "skills": [
                {
                    "name": "SQL & Python, data modelling",
                    "label": "SQL & Python, data modelling",
                    "importance": "core",
                    "course": "data-engineering-for-ml"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Batch & streaming pipelines, orchestration",
                    "label": "Batch & streaming pipelines, orchestration",
                    "importance": "core",
                    "course": "data-engineering-for-ml"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Data quality, testing, cloud warehouses",
                    "label": "Data quality, testing, cloud warehouses",
                    "importance": "core",
                    "course": "data-engineering-for-ml"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Feature stores for ML",
                    "label": "Feature stores for ML",
                    "importance": "core",
                    "course": "data-engineering-for-ml"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Pipelines, orchestration & data quality",
                    "label": "Pipelines, orchestration & data quality",
                    "importance": "important",
                    "course": "data-engineering-for-ml"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Python, NumPy / pandas, the ML maths",
                    "label": "Python, NumPy / pandas, the ML maths",
                    "importance": "nice",
                    "course": "python-maths-for-ml"
                }
            ],
            "path": [
                {
                    "course": "python-maths-for-ml",
                    "either_or": null
                },
                {
                    "course": "data-engineering-for-ml",
                    "either_or": null
                },
                {
                    "course": "mlops-on-the-cloud",
                    "either_or": null
                }
            ],
            "bands": [
                {
                    "band": "entry",
                    "low": 5,
                    "median": 7.5,
                    "high": 10,
                    "unit": "LPA",
                    "currency": "INR",
                    "note": "India, entry",
                    "min_years": null,
                    "max_years": null,
                    "indicative": true,
                    "sources": []
                },
                {
                    "band": "mid",
                    "low": 10,
                    "median": 15,
                    "high": 20,
                    "unit": "LPA",
                    "currency": "INR",
                    "note": "India, 2–5 years",
                    "min_years": null,
                    "max_years": null,
                    "indicative": true,
                    "sources": []
                }
            ],
            "postings": []
        },
        {
            "slug": "devops-to-mlops",
            "title": "DevOps Engineer → Platform / MLOps",
            "summary": "If you already do DevOps, you keep most of your toolkit and add the ML-specific parts. The fastest cross-over path.",
            "salary_map_url": "https://capabilitynext.com/salary-map#devops-to-mlops",
            "path_note": "Path: ~18 weeks ≈ 4–5 months part-time · total ₹53,000 + GST · MLOps roles typically pay ₹3–6 LPA more than the equivalent DevOps role.",
            "skills": [
                {
                    "name": "CI/CD, containers, Kubernetes, IaC",
                    "label": "CI/CD, containers, Kubernetes, IaC",
                    "importance": "core",
                    "course": "mlops-on-the-cloud"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Cloud, observability, on-call",
                    "label": "Cloud, observability, on-call",
                    "importance": "core",
                    "course": "mlops-on-the-cloud"
                },
                {
                    "name": "ML pipelines, feature stores, model registries",
                    "label": "ML pipelines, feature stores, model registries",
                    "importance": "core",
                    "course": "mlops-on-the-cloud"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Model serving, batching, drift & retraining",
                    "label": "Model serving, batching, drift & retraining",
                    "importance": "core",
                    "course": "llmops-and-serving"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Cloud deployment & ML-platform basics",
                    "label": "Cloud deployment & ML-platform basics",
                    "importance": "important",
                    "course": "mlops-on-the-cloud"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Deploy, monitor & retrain models (CI/CD)",
                    "label": "Deploy, monitor & retrain models (CI/CD)",
                    "importance": "nice",
                    "course": "mlops-on-the-cloud"
                }
            ],
            "path": [
                {
                    "course": "intro-to-ml",
                    "either_or": null
                },
                {
                    "course": "mlops-on-the-cloud",
                    "either_or": null
                }
            ],
            "bands": [
                {
                    "band": "entry",
                    "low": 5,
                    "median": 7,
                    "high": 9,
                    "unit": "LPA",
                    "currency": "INR",
                    "note": "India DevOps, entry",
                    "min_years": null,
                    "max_years": null,
                    "indicative": true,
                    "sources": []
                },
                {
                    "band": "mid",
                    "low": 12,
                    "median": 17,
                    "high": 22,
                    "unit": "LPA",
                    "currency": "INR",
                    "note": "India MLOps, mid",
                    "min_years": null,
                    "max_years": null,
                    "indicative": true,
                    "sources": []
                }
            ],
            "postings": []
        },
        {
            "slug": "llm-engineer",
            "title": "LLM / Generative-AI Engineer",
            "summary": "Designs, builds and ships LLM products — RAG, agents, evaluation, guardrails. Currently the highest-paid entry point.",
            "salary_map_url": "https://capabilitynext.com/salary-map#llm-engineer",
            "path_note": "Path: ~23 weeks (or ~31 with foundations) ≈ 5.5–7.5 months part-time · total ₹1,15,000 + GST · target entry ₹8–14 LPA.",
            "skills": [
                {
                    "name": "Prompt design & structured output",
                    "label": "Prompt design & structured output",
                    "importance": "core",
                    "course": "llm-application-engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Retrieval-augmented generation, vector search",
                    "label": "Retrieval-augmented generation, vector search",
                    "importance": "core",
                    "course": "rag-and-vector-search"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tool use, agents, evaluation suites",
                    "label": "Tool use, agents, evaluation suites",
                    "importance": "core",
                    "course": "fine-tuning-and-evaluation"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Fine-tuning (LoRA), guardrails, cost / latency",
                    "label": "Fine-tuning (LoRA), guardrails, cost / latency",
                    "importance": "core",
                    "course": "fine-tuning-and-evaluation"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tool use & agentic workflows",
                    "label": "Tool use & agentic workflows",
                    "importance": "core",
                    "course": "llm-application-engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Prompting, RAG, agents & guardrails",
                    "label": "Prompting, RAG, agents & guardrails",
                    "importance": "important",
                    "course": "llm-application-engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Retrieval & vector search in production",
                    "label": "Retrieval & vector search in production",
                    "importance": "important",
                    "course": "rag-and-vector-search"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Fine-tuning (LoRA) & model evaluation",
                    "label": "Fine-tuning (LoRA) & model evaluation",
                    "importance": "important",
                    "course": "fine-tuning-and-evaluation"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Retrieval evaluation & grounded citations",
                    "label": "Retrieval evaluation & grounded citations",
                    "importance": "important",
                    "course": "rag-and-vector-search"
                },
                {
                    "name": "LLM serving & inference at scale",
                    "label": "LLM serving & inference at scale",
                    "importance": "nice",
                    "course": "llmops-and-serving"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Quantisation, distillation & inference optimisation",
                    "label": "Quantisation, distillation & inference optimisation",
                    "importance": "nice",
                    "course": "llmops-and-serving"
                }
            ],
            "path": [
                {
                    "course": "python-maths-for-ml",
                    "either_or": null
                },
                {
                    "course": "llm-application-engineering",
                    "either_or": null
                },
                {
                    "course": "rag-and-vector-search",
                    "either_or": null
                },
                {
                    "course": "fine-tuning-and-evaluation",
                    "either_or": null
                },
                {
                    "course": "llmops-and-serving",
                    "either_or": null
                }
            ],
            "bands": [
                {
                    "band": "entry",
                    "low": 8,
                    "median": 11,
                    "high": 14,
                    "unit": "LPA",
                    "currency": "INR",
                    "note": "India, entry",
                    "min_years": null,
                    "max_years": null,
                    "indicative": true,
                    "sources": []
                },
                {
                    "band": "mid",
                    "low": 18,
                    "median": 26.5,
                    "high": 35,
                    "unit": "LPA",
                    "currency": "INR",
                    "note": "India, 2–5 years",
                    "min_years": null,
                    "max_years": null,
                    "indicative": true,
                    "sources": []
                }
            ],
            "postings": []
        },
        {
            "slug": "mlops-engineer",
            "title": "MLOps Engineer",
            "summary": "Packages, deploys, monitors and retrains models. Where software / DevOps engineers most naturally cross into AI.",
            "salary_map_url": "https://capabilitynext.com/salary-map#mlops-engineer",
            "path_note": "Path: ~18 weeks (add ~6 for LLMOps) ≈ 5–7 months part-time · total ₹99,500 + GST · target entry ₹6–10 LPA.",
            "skills": [
                {
                    "name": "CI/CD for ML, model registries",
                    "label": "CI/CD for ML, model registries",
                    "importance": "core",
                    "course": "mlops-on-the-cloud"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Pipelines & orchestration, feature stores",
                    "label": "Pipelines & orchestration, feature stores",
                    "importance": "core",
                    "course": "data-engineering-for-ml"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Containerised serving, autoscaling",
                    "label": "Containerised serving, autoscaling",
                    "importance": "core",
                    "course": "mlops-on-the-cloud"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Monitoring, drift detection, retraining",
                    "label": "Monitoring, drift detection, retraining",
                    "importance": "core",
                    "course": "mlops-on-the-cloud"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Deploy, monitor & retrain models (CI/CD)",
                    "label": "Deploy, monitor & retrain models (CI/CD)",
                    "importance": "important",
                    "course": "mlops-on-the-cloud"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Cloud deployment & ML-platform basics",
                    "label": "Cloud deployment & ML-platform basics",
                    "importance": "important",
                    "course": "mlops-on-the-cloud"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Model serving, monitoring & retraining",
                    "label": "Model serving, monitoring & retraining",
                    "importance": "important",
                    "course": "mlops-on-the-cloud"
                },
                {
                    "name": "LLM serving & inference at scale",
                    "label": "LLM serving & inference at scale",
                    "importance": "nice",
                    "course": "llmops-and-serving"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Quantisation, distillation & inference optimisation",
                    "label": "Quantisation, distillation & inference optimisation",
                    "importance": "nice",
                    "course": "llmops-and-serving"
                }
            ],
            "path": [
                {
                    "course": "intro-to-ml",
                    "either_or": null
                },
                {
                    "course": "data-engineering-for-ml",
                    "either_or": null
                },
                {
                    "course": "mlops-on-the-cloud",
                    "either_or": null
                },
                {
                    "course": "llmops-and-serving",
                    "either_or": null
                }
            ],
            "bands": [
                {
                    "band": "entry",
                    "low": 6,
                    "median": 8,
                    "high": 10,
                    "unit": "LPA",
                    "currency": "INR",
                    "note": "India, entry",
                    "min_years": null,
                    "max_years": null,
                    "indicative": true,
                    "sources": []
                },
                {
                    "band": "mid",
                    "low": 12,
                    "median": 17,
                    "high": 22,
                    "unit": "LPA",
                    "currency": "INR",
                    "note": "India, 2–5 years",
                    "min_years": null,
                    "max_years": null,
                    "indicative": true,
                    "sources": []
                }
            ],
            "postings": []
        }
    ]
}